CBSE Class 10 Science Notes & Important Questions Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 7: Control and Coordination

Introduction: In living organisms, different parts of the body work together in a coordinated manner to perform various functions. This coordination is necessary for the survival of the organism. The nervous system and the endocrine system work together to regulate and coordinate the activities of different organs and organ systems in the body.

Nervous System: The nervous system is responsible for the coordination of all the voluntary and involuntary activities of the body. It consists of the brain, spinal cord, and a network of nerves that extend throughout the body. The nervous system receives information from the environment and sends messages to different parts of the body to respond to that information.

The Structure of a Neuron: The basic unit of the nervous system is the neuron. A neuron has three main parts: the cell body, the dendrites, and the axon. The cell body contains the nucleus and other organelles, while the dendrites receive signals from other neurons. The axon is a long, thin fiber that carries signals away from the cell body.

The Synapse: The synapse is the junction between two neurons, where signals are transmitted from one neuron to another. The end of the axon of one neuron releases chemical messengers called neurotransmitters, which then bind to receptors on the dendrites of the next neuron. This transmission of signals across the synapse allows the nervous system to send messages throughout the body.

Reflex Action: A reflex action is an involuntary and automatic response to a stimulus. In a reflex action, the signal does not have to go all the way to the brain. Instead, it is processed in the spinal cord, which then sends a signal back to the muscle or gland to respond to the stimulus.

Endocrine System: The endocrine system consists of a network of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel throughout the body and affect the activity of target cells. The endocrine system helps to regulate growth, metabolism, and other bodily functions.

Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers that are produced by the endocrine glands and are released into the bloodstream. They travel throughout the body and affect the activity of target cells. Hormones can be either protein-based or lipid-based. Examples of hormones include insulin, which regulates blood sugar levels, and adrenaline, which prepares the body for a fight or flight response.

Control and Coordination in Plants: Plants also have a system of control and coordination. The plant hormone system is responsible for regulating growth, development, and response to the environment. The plant hormone system includes hormones such as auxins, gibberellins, and cytokinins, which regulate plant growth and development.

Conclusion: Control and coordination are essential for the survival of living organisms. The nervous system and the endocrine system work together to regulate and coordinate the activities of different organs and organ systems in the body. In addition, plants also have a system of control and coordination that is regulated by plant hormones.

CBSE Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

What is a reflex action? Give an example.
What is the difference between a voluntary action and an involuntary action?
What is a stimulus? Give an example.
What are the three types of neurons present in the human body?
What is the function of the central nervous system?
What is the function of the peripheral nervous system?
What is the difference between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron?
What is the role of the hypothalamus in the human body?
What is the function of the pituitary gland in the human body?
What is the role of the adrenal gland in the human body?
What is diabetes? Explain its types.
What is hyperthyroidism? Explain its symptoms.
What is a hormone? Give an example.
What is phototropism? Explain with an example.
What is geotropism? Explain with an example.
What is hydrotropism? Explain with an example.
What is nastic movement? Give an example.
What is the difference between positive and negative tropism?
What is the function of auxins in plants?
What is the function of gibberellins in plants?

CBSE Class 10 Science Important Questions Answers Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

What is a reflex action? Give an example. Ans: A reflex action is an automatic and rapid response to a stimulus that does not involve the conscious part of the brain. For example, the sudden withdrawal of the hand from a hot object is a reflex action.
What is the difference between a voluntary action and an involuntary action? Ans: Voluntary actions are those that we do intentionally or on our own will. Involuntary actions are those that occur automatically and are not under our control.
What is a stimulus? Give an example. Ans: A stimulus is any change in the environment that can be detected by an organism. For example, light, sound, heat, touch, smell, and taste are all stimuli.
What are the three types of neurons present in the human body? Ans: The three types of neurons present in the human body are sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons.
What is the function of the central nervous system? Ans: The central nervous system (CNS) is responsible for receiving, processing, and responding to information from the body. It consists of the brain and the spinal cord.
What is the function of the peripheral nervous system? Ans: The peripheral nervous system (PNS) connects the CNS to the rest of the body. It is responsible for transmitting sensory information to the CNS and carrying motor signals from the CNS to the muscles and glands.
What is the difference between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron? Ans: A sensory neuron carries signals from the sensory organs to the CNS, whereas a motor neuron carries signals from the CNS to the muscles and glands.
What is the role of the hypothalamus in the human body? Ans: The hypothalamus is a small but important region of the brain that controls several functions in the body, including body temperature, hunger, thirst, and the sleep-wake cycle.
What is the function of the pituitary gland in the human body? Ans: The pituitary gland is often called the “master gland” because it produces hormones that regulate many other glands in the body. It is responsible for controlling growth, reproduction, and metabolism.
What is the role of the adrenal gland in the human body? Ans: The adrenal glands produce hormones that help the body cope with stress. They also regulate salt and water balance, and play a role in the immune system.
What is diabetes? Explain its types. Ans: Diabetes is a condition in which the body is unable to properly regulate blood sugar levels. There are two main types of diabetes: type 1 diabetes, in which the body does not produce enough insulin, and type 2 diabetes, in which the body is resistant to insulin.
What is hyperthyroidism? Explain its symptoms. Ans: Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. Symptoms include weight loss, rapid heartbeat, nervousness, and increased sweating.
What is a hormone? Give an example. Ans: A hormone is a chemical messenger that is produced by an endocrine gland and travels through the bloodstream to target cells in another part of the body. Examples of hormones include insulin, adrenaline, and estrogen.
What is phototropism? Explain with an example. Ans: Phototropism is the growth of a plant in response to light. For example, a plant will bend towards a light source in order to maximize its exposure to sunlight.
What is geotropism? Explain with an example. Ans: Geotropism is the growth of a plant in response to gravity. For example, roots grow downwards towards the center of the earth, while stems grow upwards away from the earth.

What is a reflex action? Give an example.
A reflex action is an automatic response to a stimulus that occurs without conscious thought or decision-making. The sensory neurons detect a stimulus and send a signal to the spinal cord which then sends a signal to the effector muscles to produce a response. An example of a reflex action is the blinking of eyes when something suddenly comes near them.

What is the difference between a voluntary action and an involuntary action?
Voluntary actions are those that are under conscious control, and we can choose to perform them or not. For example, walking, talking, and writing are voluntary actions. Involuntary actions, on the other hand, are automatic actions that occur without conscious control. Examples of involuntary actions include breathing, heartbeat, and digestion.

What is a stimulus? Give an example.
A stimulus is a change in the environment that can be detected by the sensory organs and produces a response. Examples of stimuli include light, sound, touch, heat, cold, and chemicals.

What are the three types of neurons present in the human body?
The three types of neurons present in the human body are sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons.

What is the function of the central nervous system?
The central nervous system (CNS) consists of the brain and the spinal cord. Its function is to receive and process information from the sensory neurons and send out signals to the motor neurons to produce a response. The CNS also coordinates and regulates the functions of all other systems in the body.

What is the function of the peripheral nervous system?
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of all the nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body. Its function is to carry sensory information from the sense organs to the CNS and carry motor signals from the CNS to the muscles and glands.

What is the difference between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron?
Sensory neurons carry information from the sensory receptors to the CNS, while motor neurons carry information from the CNS to the muscles and glands. Sensory neurons are afferent neurons, while motor neurons are efferent neurons.

What is the role of the hypothalamus in the human body?
The hypothalamus is a part of the brain that regulates various functions of the body, such as hunger, thirst, body temperature, and sleep. It also controls the secretion of hormones by the pituitary gland.

What is the function of the pituitary gland in the human body?
The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that produces and secretes various hormones that regulate growth, metabolism, and other bodily functions. It is often referred to as the “master gland” because it controls the functions of other endocrine glands in the body.

What is the role of the adrenal gland in the human body?
The adrenal gland produces hormones that regulate various bodily functions, such as the “fight or flight” response, blood pressure, and metabolism.

What is diabetes? Explain its types.
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels. There are two types of diabetes:

Type 1 diabetes: It occurs when the immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, resulting in a deficiency of insulin. It is often diagnosed in children and young adults.

Type 2 diabetes: It occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or does not produce enough insulin. It is often associated with obesity and a sedentary lifestyle.

What is hyperthyroidism? Explain its symptoms.
Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. The symptoms of hyperthyroidism include weight loss, increased appetite, rapid heartbeat, sweating, and nervous

CBSE Class 10 Science Important Questions Answers MCQs Chapter 7 Control and Coordination

Which of the following is an involuntary action?
a) Blinking of eye
b) Jumping
c) Running
d) Walking
Answer: a) Blinking of eye

The part of the brain that controls the body temperature is:
a) Medulla oblongata
b) Cerebellum
c) Hypothalamus
d) Pons
Answer: c) Hypothalamus

The hormone secreted by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar level is:
a) Insulin
b) Adrenaline
c) Thyroxine
d) Estrogen
Answer: a) Insulin

The plant hormone responsible for the elongation of cells is:
a) Auxin
b) Gibberellin
c) Cytokinin
d) Ethylene
Answer: b) Gibberellin

The movement of a plant part in response to touch is called:
a) Phototropism
b) Hydrotropism
c) Thigmotropism
d) Geotropism
Answer: c) Thigmotropism

The type of tropism in which the plant part grows towards the stimulus is:
a) Positive tropism
b) Negative tropism
c) Phototropism
d) Geotropism
Answer: a) Positive tropism

The gap between two neurons is called:
a) Synapse
b) Dendrite
c) Axon
d) Neurotransmitter
Answer: a) Synapse

The type of diabetes in which the body does not produce insulin is:
a) Type 1 diabetes
b) Type 2 diabetes
c) Gestational diabetes
d) None of the above
Answer: a) Type 1 diabetes

The part of the brain that coordinates voluntary movements is:
a) Medulla oblongata
b) Cerebellum
c) Hypothalamus
d) Pons
Answer: b) Cerebellum

The type of tropism in which the plant part grows away from the stimulus is:
a) Negative tropism
b) Positive tropism
c) Phototropism
d) Geotropism
Answer: a) Negative tropism

CBSE Class 10 Science Notes & Important Questions Chapter 7 Control and Coordination