CBSE Class 10 Science Notes & Important Questions Chapter 6 Life Process

Chapter 6: Life Processes

Introduction: Life processes are the basic functions that are essential for maintaining and sustaining life. There are seven life processes that are carried out by living organisms, which include nutrition, respiration, transportation, excretion, regulation, reproduction, and growth.

Nutrition: Nutrition is the process of obtaining food and using it for the growth, repair, and maintenance of the body. It can be divided into two types: autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition. Autotrophic nutrition is the process by which plants prepare their food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. Heterotrophic nutrition is the process by which animals obtain their food from plants or other animals.

Respiration: Respiration is the process of exchanging gases between the body and the environment. It can be divided into two types: aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen, and it releases a large amount of energy. Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen, and it releases a small amount of energy.

Transportation: Transportation is the process of moving substances such as food, oxygen, and waste products throughout the body. It is carried out by the circulatory system in animals and the vascular system in plants.

Excretion: Excretion is the process of removing waste products from the body. It is carried out by the excretory system in animals, which includes organs such as the kidneys, lungs, and skin.

Regulation: Regulation is the process of maintaining a stable internal environment, also known as homeostasis. It is carried out by the nervous system and the endocrine system.

Reproduction: Reproduction is the process by which organisms produce offspring. It can be divided into two types: asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction involves the production of offspring without the involvement of gametes. Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes to produce offspring with a combination of genetic traits from both parents.

Growth: Growth is the process of increasing in size and complexity. It occurs through cell division and differentiation.

Conclusion: Life processes are essential for maintaining and sustaining life. They ensure that organisms can obtain energy, transport substances, remove waste products, maintain a stable internal environment, produce offspring, and grow. Understanding these processes is crucial for understanding how living organisms function and interact with their environment.

Important Questions

What is nutrition? How is it classified?
What is the difference between autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition?
What is respiration? What are the types of respiration?
What is the role of the circulatory system in transportation?
What is excretion? How is it carried out in animals?
What is homeostasis? How is it maintained in the body?
What is reproduction? What are the types of reproduction?
How does growth occur in living organisms?
What is the importance of life processes in living organisms?
How do living organisms interact with their environment through life processes?

Nutrition is the process of obtaining and using food by living organisms. It is classified into two types:

Autotrophic nutrition: The process by which organisms make their own food using inorganic raw materials like carbon dioxide and water through the process of photosynthesis. Plants, algae, and some bacteria exhibit autotrophic nutrition.
Heterotrophic nutrition: The process by which organisms obtain food by consuming other organisms. Animals, fungi, and most bacteria exhibit heterotrophic nutrition.

Autotrophic nutrition and heterotrophic nutrition differ in the source of their food. Autotrophs make their own food through photosynthesis, while heterotrophs consume other organisms for food.
Respiration is the process by which organisms break down glucose to release energy. The two types of respiration are:

Aerobic respiration: The process of respiration that requires oxygen to release energy. It takes place in the mitochondria of cells and releases a large amount of energy.
Anaerobic respiration: The process of respiration that does not require oxygen to release energy. It takes place in the cytoplasm of cells and releases a small amount of energy.

The circulatory system plays a crucial role in transportation by carrying nutrients, oxygen, and other essential substances to different parts of the body. It also helps in removing waste products from the body.
Excretion is the process of removal of waste products from the body. In animals, excretion is carried out by organs like the kidneys, lungs, skin, and liver.
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment in living organisms. It is maintained through various processes like thermoregulation, osmoregulation, and hormonal regulation.
Reproduction is the process of producing offspring. The two types of reproduction are:

Asexual reproduction: The process of reproduction that involves a single parent and produces offspring genetically identical to the parent.
Sexual reproduction: The process of reproduction that involves two parents and produces offspring with a unique combination of genetic traits.

Growth occurs in living organisms through the process of cell division and differentiation. The cells divide to form new cells, which differentiate into different types of cells, tissues, and organs.
Life processes are essential for the survival and growth of living organisms. They ensure the maintenance of homeostasis, energy production, and the continuation of the species through reproduction.
Living organisms interact with their environment through various life processes. For example, plants interact with their environment through photosynthesis, while animals interact with their environment through respiration, excretion, and other processes that help maintain homeostasis. These processes also help organisms adapt to changes in their environment and ensure their survival.

What is the difference between autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition?

Autotrophic nutrition is the process by which organisms make their own food using inorganic raw materials like carbon dioxide and water through the process of photosynthesis. Heterotrophic nutrition is the process by which organisms obtain food by consuming other organisms.

What is the role of saliva in digestion?

Saliva helps in the digestion of carbohydrates by breaking down starch into glucose.

What is the function of bile in digestion?

Bile helps in the digestion of fats by breaking down large fat molecules into smaller droplets that can be easily digested by enzymes.

What is the role of lungs in the process of respiration?

Lungs are responsible for the exchange of gases, where oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is released out of the body.

How does excretion take place in plants?

Plants carry out excretion through the process of transpiration, where excess water and dissolved minerals are removed through the leaves.

What is the function of the nephrons in the kidneys?

The nephrons are responsible for filtering and removing waste products from the blood and producing urine.

What is the role of hormones in maintaining homeostasis?

Hormones help to regulate and maintain various processes in the body, including temperature regulation, water balance, and blood sugar levels.

What is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?

Asexual reproduction involves a single parent and produces offspring genetically identical to the parent. Sexual reproduction involves two parents and produces offspring with a unique combination of genetic traits.

What is the importance of respiration in living organisms?

Respiration is essential for the release of energy that is required for various life processes in living organisms.

How do living organisms maintain homeostasis in extreme environmental conditions?

Living organisms adapt to extreme environmental conditions by regulating their body temperature, adjusting their metabolic rate, and changing their behavior to conserve energy and reduce water loss.

CBSE Class 10 Science Important Questions Answers MCQs Chapter 6 Life Process

Which of the following is an example of autotrophic nutrition?
a) Human
b) Dog
c) Plant
d) Fungi
Answer: c) Plant

Which of the following enzymes helps in the digestion of proteins?
a) Amylase
b) Lipase
c) Protease
d) None of the above
Answer: c) Protease

Which of the following organs is responsible for the production of bile?
a) Pancreas
b) Liver
c) Stomach
d) Gallbladder
Answer: b) Liver

The exchange of gases in the human body occurs in which of the following organs?
a) Heart
b) Lungs
c) Liver
d) Kidneys
Answer: b) Lungs

Which of the following is a waste product of respiration?
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Oxygen
c) Glucose
d) Water
Answer: a) Carbon dioxide

Which of the following is a nitrogenous waste product excreted by animals?
a) Glucose
b) Urea
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Water
Answer: b) Urea

Which of the following hormones regulates blood sugar levels in the body?
a) Insulin
b) Adrenaline
c) Thyroxine
d) None of the above
Answer: a) Insulin

Which of the following is an example of asexual reproduction?
a) Binary fission
b) Budding
c) Fragmentation
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above

Which of the following is responsible for the growth of plants?
a) Mitosis
b) Meiosis
c) Respiration
d) Photosynthesis
Answer: d) Photosynthesis

How do plants maintain homeostasis?
a) By sweating
b) By shivering
c) By regulating their water balance
d) By adjusting their metabolic rate
Answer: c) By regulating their water balance