CBSE Class 10 Science Notes & Important Questions Chapter 2 Acids, Bases, and Salts

Here are some important notes for CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 2, “Acids, Bases, and Salts”:

Acids are substances that ionize in water to produce hydrogen ions (H+). Bases are substances that ionize in water to produce hydroxide ions (OH-).
The pH scale is a measure of acidity or basicity of a solution. It ranges from 0 to 14, with 0 being the most acidic and 14 being the most basic. A pH of 7 is considered neutral.
Litmus paper is used to test the acidity or basicity of a solution. It turns red in the presence of an acid and blue in the presence of a base.
Acids and bases react with each other to form salt and water in a neutralization reaction.
Salts are ionic compounds formed by the reaction of an acid with a base.
Some common acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and nitric acid (HNO3). Some common bases include sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2).
Acids have a sour taste and can cause a burning sensation on the skin. Bases have a bitter taste and can cause a soapy feeling on the skin.
Acid rain is caused by the release of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) into the atmosphere, which react with water to form sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and nitric acid (HNO3).
Indicators are substances that change color in the presence of an acid or base. Some common indicators include litmus, phenolphthalein, and methyl orange.
The reaction between an acid and a metal produces hydrogen gas and a salt. The reaction between an acid and a metal carbonate produces carbon dioxide gas, water, and a salt.

It is important to note that these are just some key points from the chapter and that students should refer to their textbooks for a more comprehensive understanding of the topic.

Here are some CBSE Class 10 Science notes and important questions for Chapter 2, “Acids, Bases, and Salts”:

Notes:

Acids are substances that produce hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. Bases are substances that produce hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water.
The strength of an acid or a base is determined by its pH value. A pH value of 7 is neutral, values below 7 are acidic, and values above 7 are basic.
Indicators are substances that change color when added to an acidic or basic solution. Litmus is a commonly used indicator.
Neutralization is the reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt and water.
Salts are ionic compounds formed by the combination of an acid and a base.
Acids and bases have many uses in daily life, including in the preparation of food, cleaning agents, and fertilizers.
Acid rain is a form of precipitation that is acidic due to the presence of pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides.
In the laboratory, acids and bases can be identified using litmus paper, pH paper, or a pH meter.

Important Questions:

What is an acid? Give some examples of common acids.
How is the strength of an acid or a base determined?
What are indicators? Give some examples of commonly used indicators.
What is neutralization? Give an example of a neutralization reaction.
What are salts? How are they formed?
What are some common uses of acids and bases in daily life?
What is acid rain? How is it formed and what are its effects?
How can acids and bases be identified in the laboratory?

It is important to note that these are just some important questions from the chapter and that students should refer to their textbooks for a more comprehensive understanding of the topic.

Here are some important questions and answers for CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 2, “Acids, Bases, and Salts”:

What is an acid? Give some examples of common acids.

Answer: An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. Examples of common acids include hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), nitric acid (HNO3), and acetic acid (CH3COOH).

How is the strength of an acid or a base determined?

Answer: The strength of an acid or a base is determined by its pH value. A pH value of 7 is neutral, values below 7 are acidic, and values above 7 are basic. The lower the pH value, the stronger the acid; the higher the pH value, the stronger the base.

What are indicators? Give some examples of commonly used indicators.

Answer: Indicators are substances that change color when added to an acidic or basic solution. Examples of commonly used indicators include litmus, phenolphthalein, and methyl orange.

What is neutralization? Give an example of a neutralization reaction.

Answer: Neutralization is the reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt and water. An example of a neutralization reaction is the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H2O).

What are salts? How are they formed?

Answer: Salts are ionic compounds formed by the combination of an acid and a base. They are formed by the reaction between the hydrogen ions (H+) from the acid and the hydroxide ions (OH-) from the base.

What are some common uses of acids and bases in daily life?

Answer: Acids and bases have many uses in daily life. For example, acids are used in the preparation of food (e.g. vinegar), cleaning agents (e.g. hydrochloric acid), and fertilizers (e.g. sulfuric acid). Bases are used in the production of soaps, detergents, and cleaning agents.

What is acid rain? How is it formed and what are its effects?

Answer: Acid rain is a form of precipitation that is acidic due to the presence of pollutants such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. These pollutants are released by burning fossil fuels and react with water in the atmosphere to form sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and nitric acid (HNO3). Acid rain can have harmful effects on plants, animals, and human-made structures.

How can acids and bases be identified in the laboratory?

Answer: Acids and bases can be identified in the laboratory using litmus paper, pH paper, or a pH meter. Litmus paper turns red in the presence of an acid and blue in the presence of a base. pH paper changes color based on the pH value of the solution. A pH meter measures the pH value directly.

Here are some important MCQs for CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 2, “Acids, Bases, and Salts”:

Which of the following is an acidic oxide?
a) Na2O
b) CaO
c) SO2
d) MgO
Answer: c) SO2

Which of the following indicators is used to test for the presence of an acid?
a) Phenolphthalein
b) Methyl orange
c) Litmus
d) None of the above
Answer: c) Litmus

What is the pH of a neutral solution?
a) 7
b) 0
c) 14
d) 1
Answer: a) 7

What is the chemical formula of hydrochloric acid?
a) HCl
b) HNO3
c) H2SO4
d) CH3COOH
Answer: a) HCl

Which of the following is a strong base?
a) Ammonia (NH3)
b) Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
c) Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
d) Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)
Answer: b) Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

Which of the following is a salt?
a) Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
b) Nitric acid (HNO3)
c) Sodium chloride (NaCl)
d) Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
Answer: c) Sodium chloride (NaCl)

Which of the following is a common use of sulfuric acid?
a) In the production of soaps and detergents
b) In the preparation of food
c) In the production of fertilizers
d) None of the above
Answer: c) In the production of fertilizers

Acid rain is caused by the presence of which of the following pollutants?
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Methane
c) Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides
d) Oxygen
Answer: c) Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides