CBSE Class 10 Notes & Important Questions Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources

CBSE Class 10 Notes Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources

CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 5: Minerals and Energy Resources

Introduction:

Minerals and energy resources are essential for the economic development of a country.
India is rich in minerals and energy resources.

Minerals:

A naturally occurring substance found in the earth’s crust is called a mineral.
Minerals are extracted from the earth’s crust through mining.
Minerals can be metallic or non-metallic.
Metallic minerals include iron ore, manganese, copper, bauxite, gold, etc.
Non-metallic minerals include limestone, mica, gypsum, salt, etc.

Distribution of minerals in India:

Minerals are found in different regions of India.
North-eastern and western parts of India are rich in coal and iron ore.
Southern and eastern parts of India are rich in iron ore, bauxite, mica, and manganese.
Rajasthan is the largest producer of non-metallic minerals like gypsum, marble, and salt.

Energy Resources:

Energy resources are used for the generation of power and fuel.
India has both conventional and non-conventional sources of energy.
Conventional sources of energy include coal, petroleum, and natural gas.
Non-conventional sources of energy include solar, wind, tidal, and geothermal energy.

Distribution of energy resources in India:

Coal is found in the eastern and central parts of India.
Petroleum is found in the western offshore areas of India.
Natural gas is found in the western offshore areas and the north-eastern region of India.
Solar energy is abundant in most parts of India.
Wind energy is abundant in the coastal regions of India.

Conservation of Minerals and Energy Resources:

Minerals and energy resources are finite and non-renewable.
It is important to conserve these resources for future generations.
Recycling of metals can help in conserving minerals.
Use of renewable sources of energy can help in conserving non-renewable sources of energy.

Conclusion:

Minerals and energy resources are essential for the economic development of a country.
India is rich in minerals and energy resources.
It is important to conserve these resources for future generations.

CBSE Class 10 Important Questions Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources

Here are some potential important questions for CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources:

What are minerals? Give examples of metallic and non-metallic minerals.
What is mining? Explain the different methods of mining.
Why is conservation of minerals important? How can we conserve minerals?
Where are coal reserves found in India? Name the major coal fields.
Describe the distribution of petroleum and natural gas resources in India.
What are non-conventional sources of energy? Name some non-conventional sources of energy available in India.
Why is the use of non-conventional sources of energy important? Explain.
What are the benefits of recycling of metals?
Name the major non-metallic minerals found in India.
What measures should be taken to conserve energy resources in India?

Note: These are only potential important questions and students should consult their textbooks and other study materials for a comprehensive list of important questions.

CBSE Class 10 Important Questions Answers Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources

Here are potential answers to the important questions for CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources:

Minerals are naturally occurring substances found in the earth’s crust. Examples of metallic minerals are iron ore, manganese, copper, bauxite, and gold. Examples of non-metallic minerals are limestone, mica, gypsum, and salt.
Mining is the process of extracting minerals from the earth’s crust. The different methods of mining are:

Open-cast mining: Removal of the top layer of soil and rock to access minerals
Shaft mining: Excavation of minerals through underground tunnels
Drift mining: Horizontal excavation of minerals through a mountain or hillside
Solution mining: Injection of a solvent into an underground deposit to dissolve the mineral and extract it

Conservation of minerals is important because they are finite and non-renewable. Recycling of metals can help in conserving minerals. We can conserve minerals by reducing wastage, using them judiciously, and exploring alternative sources of minerals.
Coal reserves are found in the eastern and central parts of India. Major coal fields are Jharia, Raniganj, Bokaro, Talcher, Singrauli, and Neyveli.
Petroleum is mainly found in the western offshore areas of India, especially in the Mumbai High region. Natural gas is found in the western offshore areas and the north-eastern region of India.
Non-conventional sources of energy are those that are not derived from fossil fuels. Some non-conventional sources of energy available in India are:

Solar energy
Wind energy
Tidal energy
Geothermal energy
Biomass energy

The use of non-conventional sources of energy is important because they are renewable and environmentally friendly. They can reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and help in mitigating climate change.
Recycling of metals can help in conserving minerals. It also saves energy, reduces pollution, and reduces the need for landfill sites.
Major non-metallic minerals found in India are limestone, mica, gypsum, salt, and potash.
To conserve energy resources in India, we can:

Use energy-efficient appliances
Develop and use non-conventional sources of energy
Use public transport or carpool
Reduce wastage of electricity, water, and other resources
Promote energy conservation through awareness campaigns

Note: These are only potential answers and students should consult their textbooks and other study materials for a comprehensive list of answers.

CBSE Class 10 Important Questions Answers MCQs Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources

Here are some potential MCQs with answers for CBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources:

What are minerals?
A. Naturally occurring substances found in the earth’s crust
B. Chemical substances found in laboratories
C. Fossil fuels found in the earth’s crust
D. Naturally occurring substances found in the atmosphere
Answer: A

What is the process of extracting minerals from the earth’s crust called?
A. Recycling
B. Harvesting
C. Mining
D. Cultivating
Answer: C

Which method of mining involves the excavation of minerals through underground tunnels?
A. Open-cast mining
B. Shaft mining
C. Drift mining
D. Solution mining
Answer: B

Why is conservation of minerals important?
A. Because minerals are renewable
B. Because minerals are abundant
C. Because minerals are finite and non-renewable
D. Because minerals are harmful to the environment
Answer: C

Which major coal fields are found in India?
A. Dhanbad and Jharia
B. Bokaro and Dhanbad
C. Raniganj and Singrauli
D. Talcher and Neyveli
Answer: A

Where is petroleum mainly found in India?
A. Eastern and central parts of India
B. Western offshore areas of India
C. North-eastern region of India
D. Both B and C
Answer: B

What are non-conventional sources of energy?
A. Sources of energy that are derived from fossil fuels
B. Sources of energy that are not derived from fossil fuels
C. Sources of energy that are found only in developed countries
D. Sources of energy that are harmful to the environment
Answer: B

Why is the use of non-conventional sources of energy important?
A. Because they are renewable and environmentally friendly
B. Because they are finite and non-renewable
C. Because they are harmful to the environment
D. Because they are cheaper than fossil fuels
Answer: A

What are the benefits of recycling of metals?
A. Conserving minerals and reducing pollution
B. Increasing wastage and reducing pollution
C. Reducing wastage and increasing pollution
D. Conserving minerals and increasing pollution
Answer: A

What measures can be taken to conserve energy resources in India?
A. Using energy-efficient appliances and promoting energy conservation through awareness campaigns
B. Using public transport or carpool and exploring alternative sources of minerals
C. Reducing wastage of electricity, water, and other resources and using non-conventional sources of energy
D. All of the above
Answer: D

Note: These are only potential MCQs and students should consult their textbooks and other study materials for a comprehensive list of MCQs.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources

Question-1
Distinguish between the following
(a) Ferrous and non-ferrous minerals
(b) Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy.
Solution:
(a) Ferrous Minerals:
Ferrous minerals account for about three-fourths of the total value of the production of metallic minerals. They provide a strong base for the development of metallurgical industries. India exports substantial quantities of ferrous minerals after meeting her internal demands.

(b) Non-ferrous Minerals:
India’s reserves and production of non- ferrous minerals is not very satisfactory. However, these minerals, which include copper, bauxite, lead, zinc, and gold, play a vital role in a number of metallurgical, engineering, and electrical industries. Let us study the distribution of copper and bauxite.

Conventional Sources of Energy:

Conventional source of energy has been used since the early times.
Coal, Petroleum, natural gas, hydroelectricity, thermal power are the source of energy.
All conventional sources of energy except hydro-electricity are exhaustible.
These sources cause environmental pollution.
These sources require huge capital.

Non-Conventional Sources of Energy:

Non- the conventional sources of energy have come into use only recently.
Wind energy, solar energy, tidal energy, geothermal, biogas are examples of these sources of energy.
Most of the non- conventional sources of energy are inexhaustible.
These sources do not cause environmental pollution.
Small amount of money is sufficient to have these sources.

Question-2
What is a mineral?
Solution:
Geologists define a mineral as a “homogenous, naturally occurring substance with a definable internal structure.” Minerals are found in varied forms in nature, ranging from the hardest diamond to the softest one. Minerals are an indispensable part of our lives. Almost everything we use, from a tiny pin to a towering building or a big ship, all are made from minerals. The railway lines and the tarmac (paving) of the roads, our implements and machinery too are made from minerals. Cars, buses, trains, aeroplanes are manufactured from minerals and run on power resources derived from the earth. Even the food that we eat contains minerals. In all stages of development, human beings have used minerals for their livelihood, decoration, festivities, religious and ceremonial rites.

Question-3
How are minerals formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks?
Solution:
In igneous and metamorphic rocks, minerals may occur in the cracks, crevices, faults or joints. The smaller occurrences are called veins and the larger are called lodes. In most cases, they are formed when minerals in liquid, molten and gaseous forms are forced upward through cavities towards the earth’s surface. They cool and solidify as they rise. Major metallic minerals like tin, copper, zinc and lead etc. are obtained from veins and lodes.

Question-4
How do we need to conserve mineral resources?
Solution:
In order to conserve mineral resources, we must see to that our consumption of minerals does not increase our wants. We must remember that these resources are one of the greatest gifts of God and we must use these in such a manner that our future generations also enjoy this gift.

Question-5
Describe the distribution of coal in India.
Solution:
In India coal occurs in rock series of two main geological ages, namely Gondwana, a little over 200 million years in age and in tertiary deposits which are only about 55 million years old. The major resources of Gondwana coal, which are metallurgical coal, are located in Damodar valley (West Bengal-Jharkhand). Jharia, Raniganj, Bokaro are important coalfields. The Godavari, Mahanadi, Son and Wardha valleys also contain coal deposits. Tertiary coals occur in the northeastern states of Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland. Jharkhand is the largest producer where Jharia, Bokaro, karampur , Palamu are the major coalfields. In West Bengal, Raniganj, Jalpaiguri and Darjeeling are the coalfields. Sarguja, Bilaspur, Raigarh and Bastar districts are coal fields found in Chhatisgarh. M.P. has coal fields in Chinaware district and in Maharashtra, Chanda is the main field.

Question-6
Why do you think that solar energy has a bright future in India?
Solution:
Solar energy has a bright future in India because

India is blessed with plenty of solar energy because most parts of the country receives a bright monsoon period.
India has developed technology to use solar energy for cooking, water heating, space heating, crop drying, etc.
It is an abundant, inexhaustible, and universal source of energy.
India is a tropical country.
It is pollution-free.

Question-7
Describe the impact of globalisation on Indian agriculture.
Solution:
Globalization is the new trend in the world scenario, which aims at integrating our economy with that of the world:

Its aim is to be realised within a certain time frame.
It is based on free and open international trade.
It ensures that only quality and competitive goods would survive the world market.

Impact

Indian farmers now are exposed to a new industrial environment. They would have to compete with other farmers of other countries in producing quality and competitive goods.
With the use of favourable climatic conditions and soil conditions, improved and new implements, efficient labor we would have to produce goods, which could complete in the world markets.
India would need the technologies being used by foreign countries. Infrastructure like the development of roads, electricity, irrigation, and credit facilities will have to be developed.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which one of the following is a non-metallic mineral? [All India 2012]
(a) Lead
(b) Copper
(c) Tin
(d) Limestone

2. Kodarma Gaya-Hazaribagh belt of Jharkhand is the leading producer of which one of the following minerals? [Delhi 2012]
(a) Copper
(b) Bauxite
(c) Iron-ore
(d) Mica

3. Which one of the following fuels is considered environment friendly? [Delhi 2012]
(a) Coal
(b) Petroleum
(c) Natural gas
(d) Firewood

4. Which one of the following minerals belongs to the non-ferrous category?
(a) Iron Ore
(b) Manganese
(c) Cobalt
(d) Copper

5. Which one of the following states is the largest producer of ‘Manganese’ imlndia ? [CBSE CCE 2012]
(a) Karnataka
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Orissa
(d) Jharkhand

6. Which one of the following is the largest producers of copper in India? [CBSE CCE 2012]
(a) Jharkhand
(b) Rajasthan
(c) Madhya Pradesh
(d) Orissa

7. Kudremukh is an important iron ore mine of: [CBSE CCE 2012]
(a) Kerala
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Karnataka
(d) Andhra Pradesh

8. The largest solar power plant is located at: [CBSE CCE 2012]
(a) Ahmedabad
(b) Madhapur
(c) Raipur
(d) Ajmer

9. Which of the following states is the oldest oil producing state in India? [CBSE CCE 2012]
(a) AndhraPradesh
(b) Manipur
(c) Assam
(d) Bihar

10. Which one of the following minerals is a fossil fuel? [AI 2011]
(a) Barium
(b) Coal
(c) Zircon
(d) Uranium

11. Which one of the following states has the largest wind-farm cluster? [Foreign 2011]
(a) Himachal Pradesh
(b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Gujarat
(d) Rajasthan

12. What for is Moran-Hugrijan famous ? [Foreign 2011]
(a) Atomic energy
(b) Solar plant
(c) Coal reserve
(d) Oil field

13. Minerals are deposited and accumulated in the stratas of which of the following rocks?
(a) Sedimentary rocks
(b) Igneous rocks
(c) Metamorphic rocks
(d) None of the above

14. Which one of the following minerals is contained in the Monazite sand ?
(a) Oil
(b) Uranium
(c) Thorium
(d) Coal

Additional Questions
15. Kudremukh is an important Iron Ore mine of
(a) Kerala
(b) Madhya Pradesh
(c) Karnataka
(d) Andhra Pradesh

16. Khetri mines in Rajasthan are famous for
(a) Iron ore
(b) Mica
(c) Copper
(d) Limestone

17. Neyveli Lignite mines are located at
(a) Karnataka
(b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Chhattisgarh
(d) Orissa

18. The largest solar power plant is located at
(a) Ahmedabad
(b) Madhapur
(c) Mahabalipuram
(d) Thar Desert

19. Kakrapara nuclear power station is located in the state of
(a) Maharashtra
(c) Karnataka
(b) Andhra Pradesh
(d) Gujarat

20. The Rhur of India is
(a) Godavari valley
(b) Damodar valley
(c) Ganga valley
(d) None of the above

21. The richest mineral belt of India is ………………
(a) Himalayas
(b) Northern plains
(c) Coastal plains
(d) Peninsular Plateau

22. The finest quality of iron ore is ……………..
(a) Bauxite
(b) Galena
(c) Magnetite
(d) Anthracite

23. Which one of the following states is the leading producer of Manganese ?
(a) Maharashtra
(b) Tamil Nadu
(c) Mizoram
(d) Orissa

24. Which of the following industries is limestone a basic raw material?
(a) Aluminium smelting
(b) Manufacture of ferro alloys
(c) Electrical
(d) Cement

25. Low grade brown coal is called
(a) Magnetite
(b) Bauxite
(c) Lignite
(d) Limonite

26. Which of the following is an offshore oil field ?
(a) Ankaleshwar
(b) Digboi
(c) Kalol
(d) Mumbai High

27. India exports ………… minerals.
(a) Metallic minerals
(b) Non-metallic minerals
(c) Ferrous minerals
(d) Non-ferrous minerals

28. Indian Iron ore is mainly exported to ……………
(a) USA
(b) UK
(c) China
(d) Japan

29. Which one of the following is not a conventional source of energy?
(a) Cow dung
(b) Firewood
(c) Coal
(d) Wind

30. A person who studies the formation of minerals, their age and physical and chemical properties – Who am I ?
(a) Geographer
(b) Geophysicist
(c) Geologist
(d) Geomorphologist

31. Minerals obtained from veins and lodes.
(a) Iron
(b) Gold
(c) Copper
(d) Manganese

32. The ocean beds are rich in ……………..
(a) Mica
(b) Manganese
(c) Gold
(d) Copper

33. Mining depends upon ……………
(a) Concentration of mineral only
(b) Ease of extraction
(c) Nearness to the market
(d) All of the above

34. Which one of the following states is the leading producer of Iron ore ?
(a) Chhattisgarh
(b) Jharkhand
(c) Karnataka
(d) Madhya Pradesh

35. Bailadila mines is located in which of the following states ?
(a) Madhya Pradesh
(b) Chhattisgarh
(c) Jharkhand
(d) Orissa

36. The iron ore from Kudremukh mines is exported through this port.
(a) Vishakhapatnam
(b) Mangalore
(c) Marmagoa
(d) Paradip

37. Metallurgical coal used in the smelting of iron ore is
(a) Anthracite
(b) Bituminous
(c) Lignite
(d) Peat

38. Which of the following states is the oldest producer of oil ?
(a) Arunachal Pradesh
(b) Assam
(c) Andhra Pradesh
(d) Gujarat

39. The Hazira – Vijaipur – Jagdishpur pipeline does not pass through this state.
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Gujarat
(c) Madhya Pradesh
(d) Maharashtra

40. Write True or False
(a) Thermal electricity is non-renewable.
(b) The largest solar power plant is located in Rajasthan.
(c) The largest wind farm cluster is located in Tamil Nadu.
(d) The Gulf of Kuchchh is the leading producer of geothermal energy.

41. Match the following :

	Column I	Column II
(A)	Most important oil field of Gujarat	(i) Andaman & Nicobar Islands
(B)	Lignite mine	(ii) Tarapur
(C)	A nuclear power plant	(iii) Neyveli
(D)	A geothermal energy plant	(iv) Ankaleshwar
(E)	Large reserves of natural gas	(v) Manikarn

(a) (A) – (iv), (B) – (iii), (C) – (ii), (D) – (v), (E) – (i)
(b) (A) – (iii), (B) – (iv), (C) – (ii), (D) – (v), (E) – (i)
(c) (A) – (iv), (B) – (iii), (C) – (v), (D) – (ii), (E) – (i)
(d) (A) – (iv), (B) – (iii), (C) – (i), (D) – (ii), (E) – (v)

42. Where in India is Rat Hole mining done ?
(a) Tamil Nadu
(b) Meghalaya
(c) Uttar Pradesh
(d) Mizoram

43. To which Geological period does Gondwana coal belong ?
(a) over 200 million years
(b) 100 million years
(c) 50 million years
(d) 500 million years

44. For which mineral is Neyveli famous for ?
(a) Iron ore
(b) Manganese
(c) Lignite coal
(d) Limestone

45. Which of the following statements are incorrect with regard to placer deposits ?
(i) They occur as alluvial deposits.
(ii) They are corroded by water.
(iii) They occur in ocean beds.
(iv) They are found in sands of the valley floors and the base of hills.
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i) and (iv)

46. Which of the following pairs of statements are incorrect ?
(i) India is rich in copper.
(ii) Bauxite is formed by decomposition of a wide variety of rocks rich in aluminium silicates.
(iii) Maharashtra is the largest producer of Bauxite.
(iv) Mica is the most indispensable mineral used in electrical and electronic industries.
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (i) and (iii)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (iii) and (iv)

47. Minerals need to be conserved because
(i) They are renewable.
(ii) They are depleting rapidly.
(iii) They are needed for country’s industrial development.
(iv) Their formation is very fast.
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) All of the above.

48. Which of the following minerals is mined at Balaghat mines?
(a) Manganese
(b) Aluminium
(c) Copper
(d) Limestone

49. For which of the following minerals is Katni famous ?
(a) Iron Ore
(b) Mica
(c) Copper
(d) Bauxite

ANSWERS

CBSE Class 10 Notes Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources

CBSE Class 10 Important Questions Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources

CBSE Class 10 Important Questions Answers Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources

CBSE Class 10 Important Questions Answers MCQs Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Geography Chapter 5 Minerals and Energy Resources

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