CBSE Class 10 Notes & Important Notes Social Science History Chapter 4 The Making of Global World

CBSE Class 10 Notes Social Science History Chapter 4 The Making of Global World

CBSE Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 4: The Making of Global World

Overview: This chapter is about the expansion of the global economy and the changes it brought about during the 18th and 19th centuries. It talks about the development of a global market and the integration of different economies through trade and commerce. The chapter also discusses the impact of colonialism and imperialism on the economies of colonized countries.

Section 1: The Pre-modern World Economy

This section talks about the pre-modern world economy and how it was based on regional trade. It discusses the different trade routes that existed in the pre-modern world, such as the Silk Route and the Spice Route. The section also talks about the role of European traders in the pre-modern world economy.

Section 2: The Nineteenth Century Global Economy

This section talks about the changes that occurred in the global economy during the 19th century. It discusses the emergence of new markets and the growth of industrialization. The section also talks about the role of technological innovations such as steam engines and railways in the growth of the global economy.

Section 3: The Age of Industrialization

This section talks about the industrial revolution and its impact on the global economy. It discusses the growth of factories and the emergence of new industries such as textiles and iron and steel. The section also talks about the impact of industrialization on society, particularly on the lives of workers.

Section 4: The Colonization of Asia and Africa

This section talks about the colonization of Asia and Africa by European powers. It discusses the economic, social, and political impact of colonialism on colonized countries. The section also talks about the resistance movements that emerged in response to colonialism.

Section 5: The Industrialization and Colonialism

This section talks about the relationship between industrialization and colonialism. It discusses how colonialism helped fuel industrialization in Europe, and how industrialization led to the colonization of new territories. The section also talks about the impact of this relationship on the global economy.

Key Points:

The pre-modern world economy was based on regional trade.
The growth of the global economy during the 19th century was driven by new markets and industrialization.
The industrial revolution led to the growth of factories and the emergence of new industries.
Colonialism had a significant impact on the economies of colonized countries.
The relationship between industrialization and colonialism helped shape the global economy.

Important Notes:

The pre-modern world economy was based on regional trade. The different trade routes that existed in the pre-modern world included the Silk Route and the Spice Route.
The growth of the global economy during the 19th century was driven by new markets and industrialization. The industrial revolution led to the growth of factories and the emergence of new industries such as textiles and iron and steel.
Technological innovations such as steam engines and railways played a significant role in the growth of the global economy during the 19th century.
The colonization of Asia and Africa by European powers had a significant impact on the economies of colonized countries. It led to the exploitation of resources and labor, and the imposition of European economic systems.
The resistance movements that emerged in response to colonialism played a significant role in shaping the economies of colonized countries.
The relationship between industrialization and colonialism helped shape the global economy. Colonialism helped fuel industrialization in Europe, and industrialization led to the colonization of new territories.
The impact of industrialization on society was significant, particularly on the lives of workers. It led to the emergence of new forms of work and new social classes.
The growth of the global economy during the 19th century led to the emergence of new economic systems and new forms of economic organization.
The growth of the global economy during the 19th century had both positive and negative effects on different parts of the world.

Overall, this chapter provides an overview of the growth and development of the global economy during the 18th and 19th centuries, and the impact of colonialism and imperialism on different parts of the world. It highlights the role of technology, trade, and industry in shaping the global economy, and the impact of these changes on society and the environment.

CBSE Class 10 Important Questions Social Science History Chapter 4 The Making of Global World

What was the pre-modern world economy based on?
What were the different trade routes that existed in the pre-modern world?
What drove the growth of the global economy during the 19th century?
What impact did colonization have on the economies of colonized countries?
How did resistance movements shape the economies of colonized countries?
What was the relationship between industrialization and colonialism?
What impact did industrialization have on society, particularly on the lives of workers?
What were the new economic systems and forms of economic organization that emerged during the 19th century?
What were the positive and negative effects of the growth of the global economy during the 19th century?
How did technology, trade, and industry shape the global economy during the 18th and 19th centuries?

CBSE Class 10 Important Questions Answers Social Science History Chapter 4 The Making of Global World

What were the main factors responsible for the growth of the global economy in the 19th century?

Answer: The main factors responsible for the growth of the global economy in the 19th century were the Industrial Revolution, advancements in transportation technology, the discovery of new markets, and the rise of imperialism and colonialism.

How did the industrial revolution contribute to the growth of the global economy?

Answer: The industrial revolution led to the mass production of goods, which increased efficiency and reduced costs. This led to a greater supply of goods and increased trade, which contributed to the growth of the global economy.

What were the major impacts of colonialism on the economies of colonized countries?

Answer: The major impacts of colonialism on the economies of colonized countries were the exploitation of resources, the destruction of local industries, and the imposition of new economic systems that favored the colonizers.

How did resistance movements affect the economies of colonized countries?

Answer: Resistance movements often led to the formation of nationalistic movements and the demand for self-rule, which helped to promote economic growth and development. These movements also challenged the exploitation of resources and the imposition of new economic systems.

What was the impact of industrialization on society and the lives of workers?

Answer: Industrialization led to the growth of cities and the rise of the working class. Workers faced poor working conditions, low wages, and long working hours. However, industrialization also led to advancements in technology and improved living standards in the long run.

How did the growth of the global economy lead to the emergence of new economic systems and forms of economic organization?

Answer: The growth of the global economy led to the emergence of new economic systems, such as capitalism and socialism. It also led to the development of new forms of economic organization, such as corporations and multinational companies.

What were the positive and negative effects of the growth of the global economy on different parts of the world?

Answer: The positive effects of the growth of the global economy included increased trade and economic growth, while the negative effects included the exploitation of resources, environmental degradation, and inequality.

How did technology, trade, and industry shape the global economy during the 18th and 19th centuries?

Answer: Technology, trade, and industry played a key role in shaping the global economy during the 18th and 19th centuries. Advancements in technology led to increased productivity, while trade and industry promoted the exchange of goods and the growth of markets.

What role did imperialism play in shaping the global economy during the 19th century?

Answer: Imperialism played a significant role in shaping the global economy during the 19th century. Imperial powers exploited resources in their colonies and used their economic power to influence global trade and markets.

How did the global economy affect the environment during the 19th century?

Answer: The global economy led to the exploitation of natural resources and environmental degradation during the 19th century. Industrialization and the rise of capitalism also led to the overconsumption of resources and pollution.

CBSE Class 10 Important Questions Answers MCQs Social Science History Chapter 4 The Making of Global World

Which among the following was a major financial centre of Europe during the 16th century?
a) London
b) Paris
c) Amsterdam
d) Rome
Answer: c) Amsterdam

When was the Bretton Woods Conference held?
a) 1945
b) 1944
c) 1947
d) 1950
Answer: b) 1944

Which among the following countries was not a member of the G-8 group?
a) Russia
b) Canada
c) India
d) Japan
Answer: c) India

The term ‘globalisation’ was coined in which decade?
a) 1950s
b) 1960s
c) 1970s
d) 1980s
Answer: d) 1980s

What was the name of the agreement signed in 1994 between Canada, Mexico, and the United States to create a trilateral trade bloc in North America?
a) NAFTA
b) ASEAN
c) SAFTA
d) EU
Answer: a) NAFTA

Which among the following was a result of the opium trade between India and China?
a) Growth of Indian industries
b) Decline of Indian agriculture
c) Weakening of the Chinese economy
d) Increase in Chinese textile industry
Answer: c) Weakening of the Chinese economy

When was the World Trade Organization (WTO) established?
a) 1991
b) 1993
c) 1995
d) 1997
Answer: c) 1995

The term ‘cultural homogenization’ refers to
a) the spread of cultural diversity
b) the promotion of local cultures
c) the loss of cultural diversity
d) the revival of indigenous cultures
Answer: c) the loss of cultural diversity

Which among the following is an example of a transnational corporation?
a) A small-scale family-run business
b) A government-owned enterprise
c) A business that operates in only one country
d) A business that operates in many countries
Answer: d) A business that operates in many countries

The process of liberalisation in India began in which year?
a) 1980
b) 1985
c) 1990
d) 1991
Answer: d) 1991

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 4 The Making of Global World

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social History Chapter 4 The Making of a Global World

Q.1. Give two examples of different types of global exchanges which took place before the 17th century, choosing one example from Asia, and one from America.
Ans.
(a) Asia: The silk routes are a good example of vibrant pre-modern trade before the 17th century. The historians have identified several silk routes, overland and by sea, linking Asia with Europe and northern Africa. .These routes were used for trades in Chinese pottery, textiles and spices from India and Southeast Asia. In return, precious metals – gold and silver – came from Europe to Asia.’ Secondly, Christian missionaries and later Muslim preachers travelled through these routes. It may be mentioned here that in ancient times, Buddhism too spread in several directions through intersecting points on the silk routes.

(b) Americas: After the discovery of the Americas by Christopher Columbus, many of our common foods such as potatoes, soya, groundnuts, maize, tomatoes, chilies came from America’s original inhabitants i.e., the American Indians. From the sixteenth century, America’s vast lands, abundant crops and minerals transformed trade and lives everywhere. Precious metals like silver from mines in Peru and Mexico enhanced Europe’s wealth and financed its trade with Asia. Legends spread in seventeenth-century Europe about South America’s fabled wealth. Many expeditions set off in search of El Dorado, the fabled city of gold. Thus there were global exchanges before the seventeenth century.

Q.2. Explain how the global transfer of disease in the pre-modem world helped in the colonisation of America. [CBSE 2008 (O), Sept. 2010, 2011]
Ans. Refer Q.No. 2, Value Based Questions.

Q.3. Write a note and explain the effects of the following :
(a) The British government’s decision to abolish the Corn Laws.
(b) The coming of rinderpest to Africa.
(c) The death of men of working-age in Europe because of the World War.
(d) The Great Depression on the Indian economy.
(e) The decision of MNCs to relocate production to Asian countries.
Ans. (a) Refer Q.No. 2, Long Answer Type Questions.
(b) Refer Q.No. 5, Value Based Questions.
(c) (i) Reduction in the workforce: Most of the killed and injured were men of working age. These deaths and injuries reduced the able-bodied workforce in Europe. With fewer numbers within the family, the household income declined after the war.
(ii) New Social Set-up : The entire societies were reorganized for war – as men went to battle, women stepped in to undertake jobs that earlier only men were expected to do.
(d) Refer Q.No. 17, Long Answer Type Questions.
(e) (i) Wages are relatively low in Asian countries due to excess supply of workers.
(ii) Most of these economies have low cost structure.
(iii) Most of these countries have a huge market.

Q.4. Give two examples from history to show the impact of Science and Technology on food availability.
Ans.
(i) Availability of cheap food in different markets: Improvements in transport; faster railways, lighter wagons and larger ships helped move food more cheaply and quickly from the far-away farms to the final markets.

(ii) Impact on meat: Till the 1870s, meat from America was shipped to Europe in the form of live animals which were then slaughtered in Europe. But live animals took up a lot of ship space. But the invention of refrigerated ships made it possible to transport meat from one region to another. Now animals were slaughtered in America, Australia or New Zealand, and then transported to Europe as frozen meat. The invention of the refrigerated ship had the following advantages :

This reduced shipping costs and lowered meat prices in Europe.
The poor in Europe could now consume a more varied diet.
To the earlier, monotony of bread and potatoes many, not all, could add meat, butter and eggs.
Better living conditions promoted social peace within the country, and support for imperialism abroad.

Q.5. What is meant by the Bretton Woods Agreement ?
Ans.
The main aim of the post-war international economic system was to preserve economic stability and full employment in the industrial world. The United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference held in July 1944 at Bretton Woods in New Hampshire in the USA agreed upon its framework.
The Bretton Woods Conference established the following institutions :

International Monetary Fund: Its aim was to deal with external surpluses and deficits of its member nations.
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development or World Bank was set “Up to finance post-war reconstruction.
The above institutions are known as The Bretton Woods institutions or Bretton Woods twins. The post-war international economic system is also often described as the Bretton Woods system. It was based on fixed exchange rates. National currencies were pegged to the dollar at a fixed exchange rate. The dollar itself was anchored to gold at a fixed price of $ 35 per ounce of gold.
The decision-making in these institutions is controlled by the western industrial powers. The US has an effective right of veto over key IMF and World Bank decisions.

Q.6. Imagine that you are an indentured Indian labourer in the Caribbean. Drawing from the details in this chapter, write a letter to your family describing your life and feelings.
Ans. Self-explanatory Note : Students can refer Q.No. 4 LAQ and 5 LAQ (Long Answer Type Questions.)

Q.7. Explain the three types of movements or flows within the international economic exchange. Find one example of each type of flow which involved India and Indians, and write a short account of it. [CBSE 2008, Sept. 2011]
Or
Explain the three types of flows within an international economic exchange by giving anyone example each. [CBSE Sept. 2010]
Ans. Refer Q.No. 9, Short Answer Type Questions

Q.8. Explain the cause of the Great Depression.
Ans. Refer Q.No. 15, Long Answer Type Questions.

Q.9. (i) Explain what referred to as the G-77 countries.
(ii) In what ways can G-77 be seen as a reaction to the activities of the Bretton Woods Twins ?
Ans.
(i) Refer Q.No. 52, Very Short Answer Type Questions
(ii) By establishing G-77, they could.

Get real control over their natural resources.
More assistance in their development.
Fairer prices for raw materials.
Better access for their manufactured goods.

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Peoples livelihood and local economy of which one of the following was badly affected by the disease named Rinderpest [CBSE (CCE) 2011]
(a) Asia
(b) Europe
(c) Africa
(d) South America

2. Which of the following powerful weapons were used by the Spanish Conquerors to colonise America during mid 17th century. [CBSE (CCE) 2011]
(a) Coventional Military weapons
(b) Modern Military weapons
(c) Biological weapons
(d) Nuclear weapons

3. Why did the wheat price fall down by 50 per cent between 1928 and 1934? [CBSE (CCE) 2011]
(a) Due to less production
(b) Due to floods
(c) Due to great depression
(d) Due to droughts

4. Most Indian indentured workers came from [CBSE (CCE) 2011]
(a) Eastern Uttar Pradesh
(b) North-eastern states
(c) Jammu and Kashmir
(d) None of these

5. Who adopted the concept of an assembly line to produce automobiles ?
(a) Henry Ford
(b) T. Cuppola
(c) V.S. Naipaul
(d) Samuel Morse

6. In ancient period the cowries were used as
(a) jewellery
(b) currency
(c) unit of Weight
(d) utensil

7. Which of the following diseases killed the majority of America’s original inhabitants ?
(a) Cholera
(b) Small Pox
(c) Typhoid
(d) Plague

8. In which place of India were the ‘canal colonies’ set up ?
(a) Punjab
(b) Haryana
(c) Uttar Pradesh
(d) Assam

9. The fast spreading disease of cattle plague is known as
(a) cattle fever
(b) bubonic plague
(c) rinderpest
(d) chicken pox

10. Which of the following place was an important destination for indentured migrants ?
(a) Florida
(b) Melbourne
(c) Carribbean island
(d) Mexico

11. At which of the following states in USA was the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference held in 1944?
(a) New Hampshire
(b) New York
(c) San Francisco
(d) New Jersey

12. Which two institutions are well-known as Bretton Wood Institution ?
(a) UNICEF and IMF
(b) WHO and World Bank
(c) IMF and World Bank
(d) UNESCO and UNICEF

13. Who introduced the assembly line method for producing automobiles on a large scale ?
(a) V.S. Naipaul
(b) Henry Morton Stanley
(c) Henry Ford
(d) James Watt

14. Newly irrigated areas to settle peasants of Punjab were known as
(a) Watered colonies
(b) Canal colonies
(c) Punjab colonies
(d) Canalised colonies

15. The group of powers collectively known as the Axis power during the 2nd World War were
(a) Germany, Italy, Japan
(b) Austria, Germany, Italy
(c) France, Japan, Italy
(d) Japan, Germany, Turkey

16. Who among the following is a Nobel prize winner ?
(a) V.S. Naipaul
(b) J.M. Keynes
(c) Shivnarine Chanderpaul
(d) Ramnaresh Sarwan

17. Which of the following combination correctly indicates the three flows of international economic exchange ?
(a) Capital, goods, raw material
(b) Goods, metal, labour
(c) Goods, labour, capital
(d) Labour, capital, food grains

18. Which of the following statement correctly identifies the corn laws ?
(a) Restricted the import of corn to England.
(b) Allowed the import of corn to England.
(c) Imposed tax on corn.
(d) Abolished the sale of corn.

19. Which of the following refers to El Dorado ?
(a) A mythical animal
(b) A legendary god
(c) A fabled city of gold
(d) A sacred place of worship

20. Until 18th century which two countries were considered the richest in the world ?
(a) India and China
(b) China and Japan
(c) England and France
(d) England and Italy

21. Which of the following reflects the cultural fusion between India and Trinidad ?
(a) Native dancing
(b) Chutney music
(c) Religious practices
(d) Cottage industries

22.Transport of perishable goods over long distance was possible because of
(a) improved railways
(b) airline services
(c) refrigerated ships
(d) steamships

23. Which of the following sustained the African lives for centuries ?
(a) Industries and mines
(b) Mines and agriculture
(c) Land and livestock
(d) Production of consumer goods

24. In Trinidad what was referred as Hosay ?
(a) Annual Muharram procession marking a carnival
(b) Christmas Celebration
(c) Easter Festival
(d) New Year Celebration

25. What is meant by tariff ?
(a) Tax imposed on goods.
(b) Tax imposed on a country’s import from the rest of the world.
(c) Tax imposed on countries’ export to other countries.
(d) Tax imposed on handmade goods.

26. The World Bank was set-up to
(a) finance rehabilitation of refugees.
(b) finance post war construction.
(c) finance industrial development.
(d) help third world countries.

27. Mark the correct response out of the following :
(a) The silk route acted as a link between different countries.
(b) The silk route helped in cultural and commercial exchange.
(c) The silk route acted as a route for west bound silk cargos from China.
(d) All the above.

28. Why was the 19th century indenture described as a system of slavery ? Mark the most suitable statement.
(a) Lots of slaves worked in the plantation.
(b) The living and working condition of the indentured labourers were harsh.
(c) The indentured labourers did not have any rights and lived like slaves.
(d) The indentured labourers were not paid any salary.

29. Why did the export of fine Indian textile to England decline in 19th century ?
(a) Production of cotton declined
(b) Demand of Indian textile in England declined
(c) British government imposed heavy tariff on import of cotton textile
(d) Indian merchants refused to sell cotton to the British merchants

30. Which of the following resulted in Britain’s trade surplus ?
(a) British export to India was much higher than British imports from India.
(b) Britain’s export of opium from India increased.
(c) British import from India became higher than British export to India.
(d) Import of cotton from India was profitable for the British merchants.

31. Which of the following factor compelled the Africans to work for wages ?
(a) Poverty
(b) Loss of livestock
(c) Oppression by colonisers
(d) Willingness to work for wages

32. Which of the following is the most important cause for the Great Depression ?
(a) Decline in agricultural production
(b) Agricultural overproduction leading to fall of prices in agricultural goods
(c) Loss of employment leading to poverty
(d) Closure of banks and factories

33. Why were the Europeans attracted most to Africa ?
(a) By its natural beauty
(b) By the opportunities for investment
(c) For its vast land resources and mineral wealth
(d) For recruitment of labour

34. Which of the following enabled the Europeans to conquer and control the Africans ?
(a) Victory in war
(b) Control over the scarce resource of cattle
(c) Death of Africans due to rinderpest
(d) Lack of weapons in Africa to fight against the Europeans

35. Which of the following is the direct effect of Great Depression on Indian Trade ?
(a) Peasants and farmers suffered
(b) Indian exports and imports nearly halved between 1928-1934
(c) Peasants’ indebtedness increased
(d) Led to widespread unrest in rural India

ANSWERS